This part is called the orbital surface of the large wing of the sphenoid bone. The posterior wall of the orbit is formed partially by the large wing of the sphenoid bone. We can also see small parts of large wings if we look at the skull from the front. The area that will be visible to us from this angle on the whole skull is called the temporal surface of the large wing of the sphenoid bone. We can see parts of the large wings if we look at the skull from the side. The sphenoid bone also has small wings, which are located slightly above the large wings. The sphenoid bone has a corpus and two large flat processes, which are called the large wings of the sphenoid bone. Many artists forget about the sphenoid bone because when we look at a whole (un-sawn) skull, we can see only small parts of this bone. There is also the styloid process that is covered with soft tissues and does not create visible contours on a living person. You can also see and even feel the rounded mastoid process, which is located directly under the ear. First of all, it is the zygomatic process, which is directed towards the facial skull and connects to the zygomatic bone. The temporal bone has several clearly visible processes that form the appearance of the skull. However, the channels of the temporal bone are also not important for plastic anatomy.
In the thickness of the pyramid are the channels of the temporal bone, in which the most important vessels and nerves pass, such as, for example, the internal carotid artery and facial nerve. The temporal bone has two clearly visible parts – the pyramid and the squamous part, as well as the tympanic part, which does not matter in plastic anatomy. The temporal bone has a rather complex internal structure. The temporal bone also connects to one of the bones of the facial skull, namely the lower jaw. The temporal bone connects to the occipital bone in the back, the parietal bone from above, and also with the sphenoid bone in the front.
It is through this hole that the part of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord passes. At the bottom of the occipital bone is a large opening, called the large occipital opening. Also on the lower outer surface of the occipital bone, you can see protruding flat tubercles – these are places for connection with the first cervical vertebra. The occipital bone connects in the front with two parietal bones and laterally with the temporal bones. Damage to these centers is extremely dangerous for life, therefore the occipital bone is a very important bone. It is in the posterior cranial fossa that the vital centers of the brain are located that are responsible for respiration and vascular tone. The posterior cranial fossa is formed by the occipital bone. If we remove the top of the skull, we will see that the cavity of the skull looks like three pits (fossa) – front, middle, and back. The frontal margin is located in front and adjacent directly to the frontal bone. The sagittal edge is the junction with the other parietal bone, usually a flat edge with minimal bending. The occipital margin is the junction with the occipital bone, you can see a smooth convex bend here. The squamous edge has a clearly visible concave bend inward. The squamous edge is the junction with the temporal bone. The parietal bones connect with the frontal bone in front, with the occipital bone in the back and with the temporal bones laterally. Thus, there are right and left parietal bones that form the upper part of the top of the skull. Small mistakes in drawing the superciliary arches or incorrect calculation of the height of the frontal bone can distort even the best portrait beyond recognition. The frontal bone plays a huge role in shaping the image of a person. Below them, you can see the arched protrusions called the superciliary arches. The frontal bone has convex sections called frontal tubercles. Also, the center of the lower edge forms the upper part of the nose. The lower edge of the frontal bone forms the upper walls of the orbits. The frontal bone connects with the parietal bones from above and with the temporal bones laterally. The frontal bone is located in the front, above the eyes and nose. To see the sphenoid and ethmoid bones, we need to remove off the top of the skull. The frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones are those bones that we can see on the skull. The cranium is composed of bones that we can see from the outside of the skull and bones that we can only see on the skull with a sawn top. The cranium forms the cavity of the skull in which the cerebrum is located. The human skull is divided into two major sections – the cranium and the facial skeleton. So, the human skull consists of 23 bones.
And today the team of will tell you the basic anatomy of the skull in order to make it easier for you to draw a skull, and also to better represent the bone base of the human head.